Here are some of the typical continuous/analog level measurement methods, with a summary of their strengths and weaknesses: Ultrasonic level sensors: These are generally installed at the top of a vessel looking down into the product. They generate a periodic ultrasonic sound impulse and measure the echo’s return time to determine the distance to the…
Here are some of the typical discrete level detection methods, with a summary of their strengths and weaknesses: Float level switches : These simple devices provide an on or off signal as a liquid moves up or down. Some travel along a guide rod, while others just bob up or down on a cable, and either…
Detecting the level of a product or liquid in a vessel is required for many machinery and process applications, so designers need a working understanding of the available technologies and best practices. Manufacturing and processing equipment automation systems often need to detect the presence/absence, or even the exact level, of a material in a bin,…
Because AC motors are essential workhorses for industry, designers need to understand their applications to make detailed selections, such as single-phase or three-phase styles. Electric motors are a fundamental force for creating powered motion in any type of equipment. Initially developed in the 1800’s and refined significantly over the years, electric motors are now available…
A digital graphical human-machine interface is usually the best way for users to interact with any type of monitoring or control system, and industrial versions are specially designed to withstand challenging environments. For practically every type of machinery or equipment ever put into service, there has been a need for some type of operator interface…
What is a Power Supply? Industrial power supplies are an integral part of manufacturing and automation. They convert AC power to reliable DC power for a wide range of equipment, such as PLCs, HMIs, relays, sensors, actuators, and drives. By ensuring a consistent, clean DC power source, these power supplies significantly enhance the performance, reliability,…
The decision to purchase a high-performance power supply is often a balancing act between upfront costs and long-term benefits. While standard power supplies may be sufficient for basic operations, high-performance models offer a range of advanced features designed to enhance efficiency, reliability, and overall system performance. While the initial expense may be higher, it is…
From high resolution graphics to more interconnectivity and mobility, the HMI has become instrumental to plant productivity. Around 40 years ago, operator interfaces on the factory floor consisted of manual push buttons, switches, and dials. More sophisticated versions might incorporate a few indicator lights that could flash or change color to communicate alerts sent by…
IO-Link modules, sensors, and other automation field devices help designers architect intelligent and cost-effective digital solutions so they can easily connect with industrial edge data for monitoring and controlling equipment. Byline: Kevin Kakascik and Chris Kregoski, AutomationDirect Traditional hardwired input/output (I/O) works well for monitoring and controlling sensors, actuators, and other field-installed devices associated with…
Industrial automation designers now have a variety of ways to incorporate an open programming approach for their projects. Although industrial-grade digital technologies have been available for over five decades, much of that time the hardware and software has been specialized and even proprietary. This is at odds with a large segment of the commercial market,…